Konu: ÜDS / Örnek Sorular

üds fen bilimleri cevap anahtarı
1 a
2 c
3 b
4 d
5 e
6 b
7 a
8 c
9 e
10 d
11 e
12 c
13 b
14 d
15 a
16 b
17 c
18 e
19 d
20 a
21 e
22 b
23 a
24 e
25 d
26 c
27 b
28 d
29 a
30 e
31 b
32 c
33 b
34 a
35 e
36 d
37 c
38 b
39 c
40 a
41 d
42 c
43 b
44 d
45 b
46 e
47 b
48 d
49 c
50 e
51 c
52 a
53 c
54 d
55 e
56 a
57 d
58 e
59 a
60 c
61 d
62 b
63 c
64 d
65 c
66 a
67 e
68 c
69 d
70 b
71 e
72 a
73 c
74 e
75 a
76 b
77 c
78 e
79 a
80 b

1-21. Sorularda boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.


1. Quartz is one of the most abundant rock-forming minerals and the most ____ to weathering.
A) resistant
B) reliable
C) convenient
D) reluctant
E) indifferent

2. When she referred in her paper to “bio-complexity”, many in the audience scratched their heads and ____ what that word meant.
A) expected
B) suspected
C) wondered
D) improved
E) rejected

3. Pollution could one day endanger the world’s ____ of oxygen.
A) exploitation
B) supply
C) extinction
D) recovery
E) decline

4. No model is ever perfect, and scientists are ____ trying to refine their models.
A) uniformly
B) formerly
C) mentally
D) constantly
E) equally

5. The suggestions put forward by the research team were immediately ____ by management and will shortly go into effect.
A) made out
B) taken up
C) ruled out
D) put off
E) turned back

6. Various treaties and conferences have ____ the prohibition of chemical _____
A) looked down
B) put up with
C) turned off
D) filled in
E) dealt with

7. Over two million corn farmers in Mexico have been ____ business following the import of heavily subsidised corn from the US.
A) put out of
B) brought up to
C) made up for
D) played down to
E) shown up to

8. What’s left of the world’s forest ____ at such a rate that the remaining tropical rainforests ____ by the middle of the century.
A) has been logged / is destroyed
B) will be logged / would have been destroyed
C) is being logged / will have been destroyed
D) was being logged / is being destroyed
E) would be logged / were being destroyed

9. The controversy ____ in 1924 by Edwin P. Hubble who ____ that the great spiral nebula in Andromeda contained Cepheid variables.
A) was being settled / has found
B) has been settled / finds
C) had been settled / found
D) was settled / found
E) would be settled / will find

10. If space weather forecasters ____ timely warnings of storms, telecommunications companies ____ to take steps to protect their satellites.
A) could have provided / had been able
B) could have provided / should be able
C) can be providing / will be able
D) can provide / will have been able
E) could provide / would be able

11. Even now at this late date, oceanographers ____ seafloor mountains they ____ existed.
A) were finding / don’t know
B) have found / haven’t known
C) are finding / didn’t know
D) will find / wouldn’t know
E) will have found / hadn’t known

12. The Eric Canal was the first of the US artificial waterways built ____ the Great Lakes with the sea.
A) to be connected
B) connecting
C) to have connected
D) to connect
E) having connected

13. If he had realised just how potentially dangerous his discovery was, he would surely have suppressed it, ____?
A) didn’t he
B) wouldn’t he
C) hadn’t he
D) wasn’t it
E) wouldn’t it

14. The prohibition ____ exporting animals and plants prevents workers ____ collecting any thing by any means.
A) over / over
B) in / to
C) of / by
D) from / through
E) on / from

15. ____ what extent does his article deal ____ the problem of water pollution?
A) To / with
B) On / to
C) With / about
D) For / in
E) At / by

16. There is talk ____ sending a practically engineered vehicle to digest atomic wastes ____ space missions to Mars.
A) about / over
B) of / on
C) for / with
D) for / after
E) over / from

17. The scientists endeavours ____ to produce power as efficiently and cheaply as possible, ____ to apply it economically.
A) even / just as
B) not / unless
C) not only / but also
D) as much / as if
E) most / that

18. The world chemical industry developed very rapidly from 1935 ____ particularly in the organic sector of the industry.
A) onwards
B) upwards
C) afterwards
D) outwards
E) towards

19. ____mechanical impact, certain
chemical impurities would make such explosives unstable if they were stored in warm conditions.
A) Involving
B) Including
C) In case
D) Contrary to
E) Even without

20. ____simply transmitting voice, the Joint
Tactical Radio System, JTRS as the Pentagon refers to it, will also simultaneously carry video and data transmissions.
A) Rather than
B) According to
C) Due to
D) In contrast to
E) In spite of

21. Communication is perhaps the most important of the numerous tasks____engineers are responsible in time of war.
A) that
B) by which
C) what
D) for which
E) for whom

22-26 sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin Türkçe dengini bulunuz.

22. Although the Japanese Government is seeking to make farming more efficient, much of Japanese rice-farming is still on a small scale.
A) Japon hükümetinin tarımı çok daha verimli hale getirme çabalarına karşın Japonya'daki pirinç tarımı giderek küçülmektedir.
B) Japonya 'da pirinç tarımı çok küçük ölçekli olsa da Japon hükümeti pirinç tarımını verimli hale getirmek için büyük çaba sarfetmektedir.
C) Japon hükümetinin tarımı verimli bir hale getirmesine karşın, Japonya'daki pirinç tarımı çok küçük ölçekte kalmıştır.
D) Japon hükümetinin tarımı daha verimli hale getirmenin yollarını aramasına karşın, Japonya'daki pirinç tarımının çoğu hala küçük ölçeklidir.
E) Japonya'da çok küçük ölçekte olan pirinç tarımı Japon hükümeti tarafından verimli hale getirilmeye çalışılıyor.

23. The computer age is producing robot-machines which are directed by electronic brains and replace human labour in industrial operations.
A) Bilgisayar çağı, elektronik beyinler tarafından yönlendirilen robot-makinelerin endüstride insan gücünün yerine geçmesini sağlamıştır.
B) Bilgisayar çağında elektronik beyinlerin yönlendirdiği robot-makineler, endüstriyel üretimde insan gücünün yerini almaktadır.
C) Bilgisayar çağı,elektronic beyinler tarafından yönlendirilen ve endüstriyel işlemlerde insan gücünün yerini alan robot-makineler üretmektedir.
D) Endüstriyel işlemlerde insan gücünün yerini alan ve bilgisayar çağının ürünü olan robot-makineler, elektronik beyinler tarafından yönlendirilmektedir.
E) Elektronik beyinlerin yönettiği robot-makineler, bilgisayar çağında, endüstriyel işlemlerde insan gücünün yerini almıştır.

24. The geological investigations of B. Pallisy, inspired by his work with ceramics, are one of the best examples of art influencing science.
A) Sanatın bilim üzerindaki etkisine B. Pallisy'nin seramik çalışmalarına dayanarak yaptığı jeolojik araştırmaları örnek vereiliriz.
B) B. Pallisy'nin kendi seramik çalışmalarınınilham verdiği jeolojik araştırmaları, sanatın bilimi etkilemesinin en iyi örneklerinden biridir.
C) B. Pallisy'nin seramik çalışmalarından ilham alınarak yapılan jeolojik araştırmalar, sanatın bilim üzerindeki etkisine iyi bir örnektir.
D) Seramikle ilgili çalışmalardan ilham alan B. Pallisy, jeolojik araştırmalarıyla sanatın bilim üzerindeki etkisine iyi bir örnek vermiştir.
E) B. Pallisy'nin jeolojik araştırmaları ve seramik çalışmaları arasındaki ilişki, sanatla bilim arasındaki etkileşimin iyi örneklerinden biridir.

25. The vast majority of scientists have accepted the theory of relativity as an accurate description of nature.
A) Bilim adamlarının büyük çoğunluğu görecelik kuramını, doğanın doğru bir tarifi olarak kabul etmektedir.
B) Doğanın tam tarifi olan görecelik kuramı, bilim adamlarının çoğundan kabul görmektedir.
C) Bilim adamlarının çoğu doğanın tarifi olan görecelik kuramının büyük bir bölümünü kabul etmektedir.
D) Bilim adamlarının büyük çoğunluğunun kabul ettiği görecelik kuramı, doğayı çok doğru bir biçimde tarif etmektedir.
E) Görecelik kuramı, doğayı doğru bir biçimde tarif ettiği için, bilim adamlarının çoğu tarafından kabul edilmektedir.

26. Early work in electricity that led to the discovery of the electric battery and electric current was done by a physiologist, Luigi Galvani, in the eighteenth century.
A) ilk olarak fizyolog Luigi Galvani tarafından yapılan çalışmalar, 18. Yüzyılda elektrik pilinin ve elektrik akımının bulunmasını sağlamıştır.
B) Elektrik pilinin ve elektrik akımını bulunmasını sağlayan elektrik üzerine ilk çalışmalar, 18. Yüzyılda fizyolog Luigi Galvani tarafından yapılmıştır.
C) 18. Yüzyılda elektrik üzerine ilk çalışmaları yapmasıyla tanınan fizyolog Luigi Galvani, elektrik pilinin ve elektrik akımının bulunmasına ortam hazırlamıştır.
D) Elektrik pilinin ve elektrik akımının bulunması, 18. Yüzyılda fizyolog Luigi Galvani’nin elektrik üzerine yaptığı çalışmalar sayesinde gerçekleşmiştir.
E) 18. Yüzyılda elektrik üzerine yapılan ilk çalışmalar, fizyolog Luigi Galvani’nin elektrik pilini ve elektrik akımını bulmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır.

27-31 sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin İngilizce dengini bulunuz.

27. Birkaç ay önce Yeni Zelandalı bilim adamları, Antarktika ozon tabakasındaki deliğin, ilk kez, güney Şili’nin bir bölümünü kapladığını bildirdiler.
A) New Zealand scientists noticed only a few months ago, that parts of southern Chile were once more affected by the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer.
B) Scientists in New Zealand realised a few months ago that a hole in the Antarctic ozone layer had, for the first time, spread over parts of southern Chile.
C) A few months ago scientists from New Zealand reported that the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer had, for the first time, stretched over a part of southern Chile.
D) According to scientists in New Zealand the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer had only a few months previously, stretched over parts southern Chile.
E) New Zealand scientists discovered only a few months ago, that the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer was affecting large parts of southern Chile.

28. Dünya, Güneş sisteminde diğerlerine oranla küçük bir gezegen olmasına rağmen, çok geniş demir çekirdeği nedeniyle aşırı derecede ağırdır.
A) Although Earth is a comparatively small planet in the solar system, it is extremely heavy due to its large iron core.
B) Earth is one of the smaller planets in the solar system but, as it has a large iron core it is extremely heavy.
C) Since Earth has a massive iron core, it is one of the heaviest of the planets in the solar system but one of the smallest.
D) It is the large iron core of Earth that accounts for its weight, for it is comparatively one of the smaller planets of the solar system.
E) Even if earth is a comparatively small planet in the solar system, it is extremely heavy on account of its huge iron core.

29. Küresel ısınma hızlandıkça ve enerji gereksinimlerimiz artmaya devam ettikçe, bizim daha temiz ve daha sürekli enerji kaynaklarına sahip olmamız gerekir.
A) Cleaner and more reliable sources of energy must be found or global warning will accelerate, and it will be impossible to meet energy demands.
B) As the process of global warning speeds up and demands for energy use, we need to find cleaner and more sustainable sources of energy.
C) If global warning continues and the demands for energy increase, we shall be forced to seek cleaner and more sustainable sources of energy.
D) The demand for cleaner and more reliable sources of energy will increase if global warning continues and energy requirements increase.
E) As global warning accelerates and our energy demands continue to rise, we have to have cleaner and more sustainable sources of energy.

30. Galilei bilime yaklaşımı bakımından, çoğu kez, “çağdaş bilimin babası” olarak adlandırılmıştır.
A) Galilei is known as the “father of modern science” in spite of his approach to science.
B) Galilei is often called the “father of modern science” because of his approach to science.
C) The term, “father of modern science” is used for Galilei because of his great contributions to science.
D) By his contributions to scientific method, Galilei has earned the title of “father of modern science”.
E) The influence of Galilei on science earned him the name of “father of modern science”.

31. Hidroelektrik güç çevreyi kirletmez, fakat bu gücün üretimi mevcut olan suyla sınırlıdır.
A) As there is not an adequate supply of water, hydroelectric power cannot be produced even though it does not pollute the environment.
B) Hydroelectric power does not pollute the environment but it can only be produced when plenty of water is available.
C) Hydroelectric power does not pollute the environment, but the production of this power is limited by the availability of water.
D) Even though hydroelectric power does not pollute the environment it cannot be produced as there is not sufficient water available.
E) As there is only a limited amount of water available, hydroelectric power, which does not pollute the environment, cannot be produced.

32-41 sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

32. ____ if heat energy is being passed on from one molecule to the next.
A) They decided not to use aluminium
B) Silver and copper were the metals chosen
C) The transmission of heat by convection proved equally dangerous
D) Conduction caused the fire to spread with alarming speed
E) We say heat is transmitted by conduction

33. X-rays are generated ____.
A) if the sun is the main source of energy.
B) when electrical charges are accelerated or decelerated.
C) after the target had been bombarded by electrons.
D) until the circuit gave off practically pure direct current.
E) because the radiation was being emitted at a tangent

34. A chief defect of wire ropes is fatigue ____.
A) that stress is set up by these vibrations.
B) as if there has been a gradual development of transverse cracks.
C) which is induced by the vibrations set up in hoisting or lowering loads.
D) even though the elastic limit of wire ropes declined with use
E) if the maximum load had been exceeded.

35. Since the bismar, which is the simplest weighing instrument known, is not capable of accuracy, ____.
A) spring balances have been more successful
B) a heavy load could be weighed at a short distance from the fulcrum
C) various technical improvements were soon introduced
D) weighing continued to be a laborious operation
E) its use is illegal in England

36. Unless there is adequate foam to completely cover the burning material ____.
A) there is little hope of extinguishing the fire
B) the starvation principle hasn’t been effective
C) an alternative method would be demolish nearby buildings and create a fire stop
D) it is something that works by limiting oxygen
E) there is no fear of further combustion

37. The management wishes to get the solid mounted engine and handlebar into production ____.
A) whether electronic fuel injection had proved efficient or not
B) though the new braking system was still on trial
C) since it contributes greatly to ease of handling
D) unless the balance shaft reduced primary vibration
E) if it were mounted with sufficient rigidity

38. ____, the Earth’s crust is actually in a state of continual flux.
A) If only they had been better prepared
B) Whenever there are sudden changes in temperature
C) However unreliable the method has proved
D) When such an event is least expected
E) Though it may not appear to be so

39. Unmanned planes are presently being developed for missions, ____.
A) since they would be capable of exceedingly high-speed manoeuvres
B) if they can fly entire missions upside down
C) so that submarines can be used as aircraft carriers
D) that are regarded as too dangerous for pilots to be sent on
E) though the risks to civilians on the ground would have been minimised

40. ____ that it will cut emissions of greenhouse by about 65 million tones per year over the next five years.
A) Scientists are engaged in research
B) The Canadian government has announced
C) A group of scientists at the conference argued
D) The council on Environment Protection is afraid
E) The government had objected

41. Though Kenya had been self-sufficient until the 1980s, ____.
A) the same problem faces small farmers in all parts of the world
B) the situation in developing countries is becoming critical
C) the economic interests of small farmers have been disregarded
D) wheat prices there are dropping fast
E) it now imports 80 percent of its food

42-46 sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.

42. Scientists are only just beginning to explore the seabed. Remote-controlled submarines are bringing up sediment from an apparently lifeless sea floor ____. Indeed, so many new species are being identified that the deep seabed may turn out to support a greater bio¬diversity than the rainforests.
A) There are trenches in the seabed that are 11 km deep.
B) But under the microscope this sediment teems with life.
C) By means of echo sounding much can be learned about the surface of the seabed.
D) Sedimentation is slow process of creating land masses.
E) There, ocean-floor magma vents support an ecology independent of sunlight.

43. The power loom was invented by Dr Edmund Lartwright in the early 19th century. However, many improvements were necessary before it came into common use. Gradually its range was extended to include all fibres and types of cloth. ____ . At the same time, speed and precision were increased.
A) Recently, the craft of hand-loom weaving has gained in popularity.
B) The running speeds of looms vary according to various factors, including width, and type of cloth.
C) In fact, by about 1850, it had superseded the hand loom almost entirely.
D) The warp threads are kept taut by iron weights.
E) Since about 1900, automatic looms have been progressively introduced.

44. Some years ago, measurements on ice cores showed that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was lower during Ice ages than it is today. ____. Some researchers have sought an explanation by suggesting that the whole-ocean reservoir of algal nutrients was larger during gincial times than it is now it is now. Others proposed that the biological pump was more efficient then.
A) So far no one has ever tried to solve this puzzle
B) As yet there is no broadly accepted explanation for this difference
C) The reason for this was soon obvious
D) There have been large cyclic variations in climate and glaciation during the past two million years.
E) The experiment focuses on the open ocean surrounding Antarctica

45. The science of how fire spreads is simple enough. ____ . This means that in a typical house fire, the flames and fumes move upwards until they meet an obstruction, such as a ceiling, where they mushroom out laterally until they reach a wall.
A) The openning of a door requires great caution as it may cause a violent outbreak of flames
B) Today fire-fighters begin their basic training with physics
C) One of the most skilled techniques employed by fire-fighters is ventilation
D) Ventilation helps to reduce the risk of explosion resulting from the build-up of hot gases
E) Once air is heated, it becomes lighter, rises and seeks to escape through any opennings that may be available

46. Concrete is strong in compression but it's relatively weak in tension. That means it is strong when pushed together, but a continuous flat stab will not stretch well and might crumble. ____ . Steel is generally used for this purpose as it improves the elasticity of concrete.
A) To overcome this weakness and control cracking, concrete has to be reinforced
B) The base materials of concrete are sand, cement and aggregate
C) Different percentages of the base ingredients are used depending on the strength required
D) Signs of corrosion and cracking sometimes appear soon after constructing
E) Nevertheless, concrete is not as popular a building material as previously

47-51 sorularda, anlam bakımından hangi cümlenin parçaya uymadığını bulunuz.

47. (I)Deserts are dry areas found in both temperate and tropical regions. (II) The low water content of the desert atmosphere leads to daily temperature extremes of heat and cold. (III) Not surprisingly, the flowers of many desert plants are extremely beautiful. (IV) Deserts vary greatly depending on the amount of precipitation they receive. (V) Some are so dry that virtually no plant life occurs on them.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

48. (I)Far from being a sinister pest, bats are actually a good friend to humankind. (II) For a start, they eat huge quantities of insects. (III) They are sometimes described as “mice with wings”, but this is totally untrue. (IV) The little brown bat, for instance, is capable of catching and eating 1200 small insects in an hour. (V) They also play an important role in pollinating flowers.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

49. (I)So far, no one has managed to complete a solo crossing of the Arctic. (II) This is primarily because of the extremely harsh natural conditions.(III) To start with, there are the bitterly cold temperatures to be endured. (IV) The attempt has been made several times, but has never met with success. (V) But that is not all; the explorer has also to battle against the strong tidal pull on the ice.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

50. (I)Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs of most plants. (II) Because leaves have such a large surface area water loss by evaporation is inevitable. (III) Their structure is superbly adapted for its primary function of photosynthesis. (IV) Most leaves are thin and flat to allow them maximum absorption of light energy. (V) Further, their ordered arrangement on the stem makes them efficient at catching the sun’s rays.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

51. (I)The terms velocity and speed are often used interchangeably in ordinary language. (II) But in physics we make a distinction between the two.(III) An aircraft travelling faster than the speed of sound breaks the sound barrier. (IV) Most importantly the term velocity is used to signify both the magnitude of movement and the direction in which an object is moving. (V) Speed, on the other hand, relates to magnitude only.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

52-56. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmında söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.
52.
Researcher: We were using an instrument that measures the opticalclarity of water.
Interviewer: ____
Researcher: It’s very simple, really. It shines a light from point A to point B. And if there is less light at the end, it’s because there are particles in the water.

A) And how does it work?
B) How long have you been using it?
C) Yes, I’ve heard about them. They aren’t very accurate, are they?
D) What were you hoping to learn?
E) How accurate can such an instrument be?

53.
Mark: What is traffic physics?
Peter: Oh, everyone is talking about it these days in Germany.
Mark: ____
Peter: Yes it is. For instance one method treats cars on a highway as molecules in a gas that want to move in one direction at certain velocity.

A) Perhaps they are doing something similar on Dutch roads.
B) Well, tell me about it. C) It sounds rather improbable to me. What do you think of it?
D) Why in Germany? Has it originated there?
E) But what is it? Is it really scientific?

54.
Mary: The subjects of whether there are any civilisations other than that of Earth seems to be back in favour.
Alex: Yes. It rather got forgotten after Ferml’s famous question.
Mary: ____
Alex: He simply asked “if extra terrestrials are commonplace, where are they?”

A) But a lot of people seem pretty sure that there are a lot of earth-like planets.
B) He was a nuclear physicist, wasn’t he?
C) No one has so far managed to detect radio transmissions from other planets.
D) What was that? I’ve forgotten all about it.
E) Yes, except by the writers of science fiction.

55.
Jennifer: I like to buy clothes made from natural fibres.
Polly: But why? Man-made fibres have certain advantages you know.
Jennifer: ____
Polly: The man-made ones are usually harder wearing and easier to wash and iron.

A) What about their disadvantages?
B) Such as what?
C) No. I’m going to change my mind.
D) And what about natural fibres?
E) But the jacket you are wearing is made from a natural fibre.

56.
Andrew: Do you happen to know anything about the NYE Committee?
Colin: Yes, it was appointed in 1934 to investigate the munitions industry following allegations that armament firms were working against the cause of peace.
Andrew:____
Colin: The allegations were found to be true and therefore, the industry was nationalised.

A) What were the results of their investigations?
B) What a world we live in?
C) How is it you know all this?
D) I wonder just how much money these people make out of armaments.
E) How long did these investigations take them?

57-59 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

An explosives factory can be separated into two zones: the "non-danger" and "danger" areas. The main function of the non-danger area lies in the manufacture of nitric and sulphuric acids for the nitration processes, including the recovery of these acids from the waste products of nitration. Other raw materials are also prepared in the non-danger area. The actual manufacture of explosives and their mixing and packing are carried out in the danger area, which requires careful safety measures. The main danger in manufacture is starting a fire by spark, friction or impact, the latter two being especially hazardous if the explosive is allowed to become contaminated with gritty material. Naked lights, steel tools or anything which might produce spark or flame are, therefore, forbidden in the dangers buildings. Each building has a "clean" floor which may be approached only in specially cleaned shoes, while the workers are provided with factory clothing to ensure that grit is not carried into the plant.

57. We learn from the passage that in the non danger zone of a typical explosives factory_____.
A) nitric and sulphuric acids are produced and various other raw materials are got ready.
B) the workers are provided with heavy factory clothing .
C) the explosives are packaged and stored.
D) nothing that might produce a spark or a flame is permitted
E) the main waste products are the nitric and sulphuric acids

58. We learn from the passage that the danger of Ignition by friction or impact is greatly increased______.
A) while the waste products of nitration are being extracted
B) if the explosive is contaminated with nitric acid
C) after the explosives have been packaged
D) if the manufacturing process is carried out in artificial light
E) if grit is present

59. It is pointed out in the passage that one of the mainly measures taken in an explosives factory is____.
A) the regular washing of the factory floors to keep them sterile.
B) the education of the workers in fire fighting procedures
C) the provision of special factory clothing for the workers in the danger area
D) to keep the manufacturing processes separate from the packaging and storing processes
E) the immediate removal of the explosives after packaging

60-62 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Aeroplane landing-wheel brakes are fitted to all sizes of aircraft for arresting motion after landing, for steering during taxing by differential control of port and starboard brakes, and to keep the aircraft stationary as the engine is warmed-up or tested. Small aeroplanes have simple two-shoe internal expanding brakes manually operated and very similar to the standard road-vehicle brake but the larger machines require power-operated brakes using compressed air or hydraulic pressure from compressors or pumps driven by the inline. Landing-wheel brakes have to be as light and compact as possible and they must remain effective and balanced during very high rates of energy dissipation due to the great weight of the aeroplane and the very high landing speeds.

60. It is clear from the passage that one of the functions of an aircraft’s landing-wheel brakes is to ____.
A) act as a substitute steering aid
B) prevent the craft from moving during engine warm-up
C) keep the aircraft steady after touch-down
D) assist in the dissipation of energy on landing
E) prevent the aircraft from landing at very high speeds

61. We understand from the passage that the high landing speed of a large aircraft ____.
A) has been one of the determining factors in the design of brakes for large craft
B) is directly related to its weight
C) only becomes a problem on poor runways
D) has occasionally led to wheel-locking
E) opened the way to a more scientific study of friction

62. According to the passage, the braking system of small aircraft ____.
A) differs little from that of larger aircraft
B) is not very different from that of ordinary cars and buses
C) is both power-operated and manual
D) is specially designed for coping with high¬speed landings
E) cannot be used to steer the craft after landing

63-65 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Strictly speaking, the term "avalanche" should be restricted to falls of snow and ice in mountainous regions. However, popular usage has extended its meaning to cover rock falls and landslips in all environments. The period of greatest danger from avalanches proper is during a thaw, when melt-water makes a good lubricant for the snow and ice banked steeply against rock faces. The rising cloud of white dust, the vertical grooves and patches of bare rock formed by the scouring action and the dull roar of the avalanche are all common features of mountains above the permanent snow line. Rock fragments may also be carried down, for the recurrent freezing and melting ice lodged in joints and crevices of the rock forms a powerful agent of disintegration. The action is the same as that which leads to burst pipes. Freezing causes expansion of the water in the spaces of a joint and produces a pressure sufficient to break the rock.

63. The writer points out that most true avalanches ____.
A) consist of falling rock, not of snow or ice
B) occur when the snow has started to melt
C) occur when the snow has melted a little and then frozen hard again
D) cause considerable disintegration of the rock surfaces they come in contact with.
E) rarely leave behind them a bare rock surface

64. We learn from the passage that during an avalanche ____.
A) pieces of rock are likely to be carried down with the falling snow
B) the falling snow and ice soon start to melt
C) there is absolute silence
D) the falling snow is immediately followed by extensive rock falls
E) falling snow banks up steeply against the nearest rock face

65. The writer points out that the constant freezing and thawing of water in rock crevices ____.
A) is what causes an avalanche
B) is an unimportant detail
C) produces a smooth rock surface
D) causes a build-up of snow
E) will cause the rock to break up

66-68 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

The greatest advantage of electrification on railways is that it is both pleasant and efficient. It brings the removal of a smoke nuisance from tunnels and from the vicinity of larger cities. Moreover, owing to high acceleration, it is possible to provide a more frequent and faster service on densely populated suburban lines. The track capacity is improved by electrification on mountainous lines because of increase of speed both up and down the gradient, generally using electric forms of braking in the latter case. Some of the major electrification schemes of the world, for example those in Switzerland and Sweden, have been emerged owing to the desire to operate the railway system without dependence upon imported fuel.

66. As is pointed out in the passage, the benefits of electric railway traction____.
A) include a cleaner environment and an improved performance
B) can best be seen in Sweden and Switzerland
C) do not outweigh the problems involved
D) have only recently become apparent
E) are confined to mountainous conditions

67. The author points out that on mountainous lines the track capacity is improved by electrification____.
A) but the safety aspect is causing much concern
B) but upkeep expenses are high
C) because it enables trains to go faster both up and down the line
D) though this is not the case in other locations
E) unless electric forms of braking are applied

68. Sweden and Switzerland, as we are told, have some of the world's major electrified railway systems____.
A) since they have small populations and the electrified system seemed adequate
B) as they were determined to keep their mountain air unpolluted
C) as other railway systems were not practical in high altitudes
D) because they wanted to develop a railway system that did not rely on imported fuel
E) because the only safe braking system on a steep gradient is an electric one

69-71 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Weeds are plants out of place, either as the wrong plant in cultivated ground, or as any plant where none should be. Weeds can cause considerable financial loss through the cost of their control and the damage they do to crops. Plants which become really troublesome as weeds are those which persist despite farmers' efforts to control them. Such persistency is due to several factors of which perhaps the most important are prolific seed production coupled with the often remarkably long inactive periods of the seed, and the ability of vegetative part of some plants to survive mechanical damage and adverse conditions and to set up new plants. Weeds may be controlled by hand, by cultivator and other mechanical means, by biological means and by chemical weed killers. Chemical weed killers are widely used, either to kill totally and suppress all vegetation or to control weeds selectively in crops.

69. The writer points out that weeds lead to considerable financial loss____.
A) because they appear where they are not wanted
B) because very little effort is made to control them
C) as all weedkillers destroy the crops as well as the weeds
D) as they are all aggressive and able to resist man's efforts to control them
E) as the control of them is expensive and if they are left uncontrolled they harm crops

70. We understand from the passage that one reason why some weeds can be particularly troublesome is____.
A) because they produce large quantities of seeds several times a year
B) that they develop a resistance to chemical weedkillers
C) because new plants can grow out of the damaged parts of a plant
D) that they can become dormant when weedkillers are applied
E) because it is impossible to kill them

71. It is clear from the passage that some chemical weedkillers have been specially designed____.
A) to rid the soil of all unwanted seed
B) to prevent weeds from producing seeds
C) to destroy a weed's capacity to produce seeds that can lie dormant over long periods of time
D) to destroy only unwanted vegetation
E) to sterilise the earth and prevent all forms of vegetation from appearing

72-74 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
Botanic gardens may be regarded as having a threefold function; to please and educate the public; to carry out investigations regarding the economic value of native and foreign plant products and acclimatization of plants; and to act as centres of information scientific investigation in various fields of botany, such as anatomy, morphology and physiology, for which museum, libraries and laboratories are also need. The search for drugs and spices particularly has tempted men from early times to explore all parts of the world and this has promoted a close link between exploration and botanic gardens. One well-known botanic garden is the Royal Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, which was founded in 1670 by Robert Sibbald for the cultivation of medical plants. Since that date it has been removed to several different sites. It is now one of the major botanic gardens in Britain with an area of over 60 acres.

72. We learn from the passage that one of the main functions of a botanic garden is to ____ .
A) send out explorers in search of new spices
B) provide scientists with the means for carrying out investigations into botanical subjects
C) make more and more land suitable for cultivation
D) encourage the production of natural medicines to replace chemical ones which sometimes have serious side-effects
E) be economically self-supporting and encourage young people to take an interest in gardens

73. The author points out that there is a close link between exploration and botanical gardens ____.
A) as few native British plants are of use medicinally and many people now prefer natural medicines to chemical ones
B) as many people are curious about the medicinal properties of various plants
C) because the desire to find new drugs and spices has long been a reason behind many exploratory expeditions
D) since plants from foreign parts will only grow in the special conditions they are used to
E) though this is still a very new development

74. In this passage about botanical gardens, ____ .
A) they are presented as a very pleasant luxury
B) the historical aspect is completely ignored
C) the problems of financing them are carefully considered
D) it is the functional aspect that is emphasized
E) the focus is on the rarer plants of foreign origin

75-77 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

The culmination of the classic age of the machine tool was the work of Joseph Whitworth. His pre-eminence lay not so much in any far- reaching innovations as in the quality and accuracy of the workmanship he was able to obtain. It was Whitworth who introduced the standard screw thread which was used in British engineering until 1948, and it was he who revolutionised standards of measurement. Indeed, the 19th century, though increasing the facility, did not greatly increase the accuracy Whitworth had attained. At the Great Exhibition or 1851 his planning, slotting, shaping, drilling, punching and shearing machines made him the outstanding machine-tool maker of the age.

75. We understand from the passage that Joseph Whitworth ____ .
A) will be remembered for the improvements he made to the first standard screw thread
B) was the most versatile and gifted machine-tool maker of his age
C) had only a few machine tools ready in time for the Great Exhibition of 1851
D) had brilliant ideas but was not a practical person
E) invented nothing of lasting importance

76. The author points out that the machine tools Joseph Whitworth produced ____ .
A) were soon replaced by new and better designs
B) were all unnecessarily complicated
C) were remarkable for their quality and precision
D) went unappreciated
E) have received more attention than they deserve

77. We understand from the passage that, in the field of measurement, ____ .
A) British engineers were slow to appreciate accuracy
B) Whitworth's work was soon to be surpassed by far better quality tools
C) No new advances would made until the middle of the 20th century
D) Whitworth achieved a remarkable degree of accuracy
E) Whitworth's innovations attracted little attention

78-80 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Just as railway bridges were the great structural symbols of the 19th century , highway bridges became the engineering emblems of the 20th century. The invention of the automobile created an irresistible demand for paved roads and vehicular bridges throughout the developed world. The type of bridge fundamentally different for that needed for locomotives. Most highway bridges carry lighter roads than railway bridges do, and their roadways can be sharply curved or steeply sloping. To meet these needs, many turn-of-the-century bridge designers began working with a new building material: reinforced concrete, which has steel bars embedded in it, and the master of this new material was Swiss structural engineer Robert Maillart, who designed some of the most original and influential bridges of the modem era.

78. According to the passage, one important way in which highway bridges differ from railway bridges is that they ____ .
A) are in constant use
B) can have quiet a sharp incline
C) have to carry heavier loads
D) must be quiet straight
E) are comparatively short

79. We understand from the passage that, around the beginning of the 2Oth century, bridge designers ____ .
A) were equally involved in the building of roads
B) followed Robert Maillart's lead and concentrated on highway bridges
C) made highway bridges on the same design as railway .bridges
D) made some of the most spectacular bridges of the modern era
E) began to use a new building material, known as reinforced concrete

80. We understand from the passage that there was a great demand for highway bridges in the 20th century ____ .
A) as more and more cars came into use
B) so many bridges were turned into highways bridges
C) even though the designing and building of them was uninteresting work
D) but railway bridges continued to attract the best
E) and structural .engineers found they could not produce enough bridges

üds fenbilimleri 2 sorularının yanıtları

1 a
2 c
3 b
4 d
5 b
6 e
7 a
8 c
9 d
10 e
11 b
12 d
13 b
14 e
15 a
16 e
17 c
18 a
19 e
20 a
21 d
22 d
23 c
24 b
25 a
26 b
27 c
28 a
29 e
30 b
31 c
32 e
33 b
34 c
35 e
36 a
37 c
38 e
39 d
40 b
41 e
42 b
43 c
44 b
45 e
46 a
47 c
48 c
49 d
50 b
51 c
52 a
53 e
54 d
55 b
56 a
57 a
58 e
59 c
60 b
61 a
62 b
63 b
64 a
65 e
66 a
67 c
68 d
69 e
70 c
71 d
72 b
73 c
74 d
75 b
76 c
77 d
78 b
79 e
80 a

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