Konu: ÜDS / Örnek Sorular

Fahrenheit is the system of measuring the temperature, how hot or cold something is, used by many people in Britain. The freezing point of Fahrenheit is 32 degrees. So a cold winter's day in Britain would have a temperature of 38° F (3° centigrade) and a hot summer's day would have a temperature of 90° F (32° centigrade). The Fahrenheit scale was invented by the German scientist Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1710. Today in Britain most people over twenty-five know the Fahrenheit scale but the centigrade system (Celsius) is being used more and more. Weather forecasts on television and in newspapers show temperature in both scales.



1. It is explained in the passage that the term "fahrenheit" ............... .
A) has retained its popularity among young people
B) is very rarely used in Britain today
C) refers to the scale of temperature between 32° and 90°
D) is never used in weather forecast
E) derives from the name of a German scientist




2. It is implied in the passage that in the long run, the Celsius system .......... .
A) will be remembered only by the elderly
B) will soon fall into disuse
C) seems likely to be favoured by newspapers but not by television
D) will replace the fahrenheit one
E) will improve and become more reliable




3. The passage deals with .......... .

A) two different systems of measuring the temperature
B) the advantages of the fahrenheit scale over the Celsius scale
C) the scientific research carried out by Gabriel Fahrenheit
D) the range in temperature to be found in the British Isles
E) the declining popularity of the Celsius scale in Britain

British towns suffer from the same traffic congestion, noise and polluting fumes as all towns in the western world, but as yet only London, Newcastle, Glasgow and to a small extent Liverpool, have useful railways going underground through the central areas. Elsewhere there are plans for building underground railways but they have little hope of making any progress with them so long as public expenditure is restricted. In general, the north has better public transport than the south, with cheap and frequent bus services using better roads shared with fewer cars.



1. As it is pointed out in the passage, most British towns have no underground railway system.......... .
A) as the system is felt to cause a great deal of pollution
B) since the majority of people have their own private means of transport
C) as this is not felt to be a practical system outside London
D) because there is not sufficient public money available for such projects
E) simply because the people feel no need for one




2. We can understand from the passage that............. .
A) Liverpool has the most developed underground train system in Britain
B) more people drive their own cars in the north than in the south
C) the north of Britain suffers less from traffic problems than the south does
D) the south of Britain enjoys cheap and highly efficient bus services
E) British cities have much less air pollution than other cities in the west




3. The author suggests that underground railways are an excellent means of transport since ................ .
A) they are a much cheaper means of transport than buses
B) they do not pollute the streets of a city with noise and petrol fumes
C) the building and maintenance of them is comparatively cheap
D) the numbers who use them can easily be restricted
E) the services offered on them are constantly being improved

During the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale showed extraordinary qualities of determination and organizing ability. In the English hospital where she worked, conditions at first were terrible; dirt and disease probably caused more deaths among the soldiers than did the wounds received in battle. Still, under these circumstances, Florence Nightingale gradually built up a highly disciplined nursing staff and, together with more adequate medical supplies, she was able to improve conditions and be of real service to the soldiers. However, the work was hard, and, as a result, her own health suffered.



1. One important point the passage makes is that Florence Nightingale ................ .

A) would have been more efficient if she had had a more qualified nursing staff
B) was not liked by the nursing staff because of her harsh discipline
C) hated the terrible conditions she was working in and wanted to get away
D) failed to improve conditions in the hospital as she herself had poor health
E) overcame, with great efficiency, the problems she faced in a military hospital


2. It is clear from the passage that, because Florence Nightingale was a determined person, with a gift for organizing, she .......... .

A) volunteered to serve in the Crimean War
B) was widely criticised by her staff
C) did little nursing herself
D) was able to succeed in her work
E) was selected by the army to work as a nurse in the hospital



3. As the writer points out in the passage, conditions in the military hospital were, at the beginning, so bad that ......... .

A) they accounted for more deaths among the soldiers than the war itself
B) little could be done to improve them
C) Florence Nightingale felt she had little chance of success
D) many of the nursing staff fell ill
E) medical supplies soon ran out

Nobody knows when fiction began. Maybe the first story-teller was a prehistoric mother trying to explain the world to her children. Or perhaps it was a hunter telling about his adventures around the camp fire. Who can tell? What we do know, though, is that story-telling was a purely oral activity until around 800 BC. Myths and tales were passed down by word of mouth and had to be memorized by each new generation of story-tellers. This oral tradition only changed when ancient peoples started to keep written records of certain stories. The earliest surviving examples of these are the epics of Homer, a blind professional story-teller, who lived in the eighth century BC.



1. It is pointed out in the passage that story-telling ........ .
A) was first introduced by Homer in ancient times
B) possibly began in prehistoric times
C) began as a written activity in antiquity
D) became less and less popular during the 8th century BC
E) became far more popular with the invention of writing



2. According to the passage, the Homeric epics .......... .
A) were among the first stories to be written down
B) consisted mainly of myths and other tales
C) are the first examples of prehistoric tales and myths
D) were not the best of their kind in the 8th century BC
E) have often been imitated successfully in later centuries




3. We understand from the passage that, throughout the oral tradition, professional story-tellers .......... .

A) were much respected in primitive societies
B) depended on Homer for their stories
C) were skilful at creating new stories
D) collected the first stories going back to prehistoric times
E) used to learn myths and tales by heart

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the population of Tokyo had grown about 1 million, making it the largest city in Japan and one of the most populous in the world. An especially lively section of the city was along the Sumida River, where pleasure boats and parties were common and whose banks were lined with fashionable tea-houses. Tea was central to the Japanese not only in their homes, but in the public life as well. In the bustling urban centres of 18th-century Japan, tea-houses served a role similar to the one played by coffee-houses in Europe which were centres of discussion and entertainment.



1. We learn from the passage that the Sumida River ........ .
A) separated the poor area of Tokyo from the rich one
B) could be dangerous and so boats rarely used it
C) ran through one of the most popular parts of eighteenth century Tokyo
D) was a busy waterway since it was the commercial centre of the city
E) has recently lost its popularity among the people of Tokyo




2. The writer points out that, in the eighteenth century, there was .....
A) an effort among other Japanese cities to imitate the social life of Tokyo
B) a sudden increase in the population of Tokyo
C) a growing interest among the people of Tokyo in European coffee-houses
D) a widespread desire among the young in Japan for all kinds of entertainment
E) a great likeness between Japan's tea-houses and Europe's coffee-houses



3. We can understand from the passage that no city in the eighteenth century Japan ........ .
A) could compete with Tokyo's cultural life
B) had as many tea-houses as Tokyo had
C) had established as many centres of entertainment as Tokyo had
D) had as large a population as that of Tokyo
E) consumed as much tea as Tokyo did

Life on a submarine may, to many people, sound fascinating. However, it is, in fact, horribly boring. Except for the commanding officers, a day aboard a submarine consists of six hours on duty, six hours off, day after day, for months. This being the case, every effort is made to ensure that the lives of the men are as pleasant as possible. The meals are exceptionally good, and there is a daily film, shown at a specific time, on television around the submarine. In return, the crew is always expected to perform perfectly all the time. A mistake is quite unforgivable. In fact, a favourite saying is "There's room for everything on a submarine except for a mistake".



1. We learn from the passage that, contrary to what a lot of people expect, ....... .

A) life on a submarine is extremely rewarding for the crew
B) submarines have every imaginable facility for entertaining the crew
C) boredom is a major problem for the crew of a submarine
D) there is comparatively little work to be done on a submarine
E) the officers on a submarine share the same duties as the other members of the crew


2. The writer of the passage emphasises that, on a submarine, ........ .

A) there is every opportunity for officers to have a pleasant life
B) every member of the crew helps to prepare the meals
C) everyone works six hours a day
D) life never gets boring for the crew
E) everything is to be done faultlessly



3. It is clear from the passage that it is almost impossible ....... .

A) to make life aboard a submarine fully fascinating
B) for officers to establish a friendship with other members of the crew
C) for everyone to be aware of night and day
D) for the commanding officers to make a mistake
E) for any member of the crew to be on duty more than six hours

Some 130 million years ago, a spike-backed dinosaur walked heavily through the wilderness of what came to be Australia, and left its footprints as a gift for the future. They were the world's best impressions of a dinosaur's two-ton footfalls. When they were found seven years ago in a remote valley in northern Australia, they provided scientists with the first clear evidence that dinosaurs had lived in Australia. This discovery provided further evidence for the theory that Australia was once joined to a vast super-continent that included what is now South America, Africa, India and Antarctica.



1. It is clear from the passage that, millions of years ago, Australia ..... .
A) was undoubtedly the only suitable place in the world for the survival of dinosaurs
B) was almost certainly not, as it is today, a separate continent
C) was, for the first time, inhabited by a large variety of dinosaurs
D) was for the most part a wilderness where no living being could survive
E) with its geography and climate resembled South America and Africa



2. The passage makes it clear that the dinosaur footprints discovered in Australia in recent years ........ .
A) are the same as those also found in South America, Africa, India and Antarctica
B) have little attracted many a scientist interested in the distant past of the continent
C) could only have been made by dinosaurs weighing a lot more than two tons
D) are in surprisingly good condition although millions of years have passed since they were made
E) have made scientists revise the most recent theories concerning dinosaurs




3. One reason why the discovery in Australia of the dinosaur footprints is so important is that ....... .

A) previously, no one knew for certain whether this country had ever been inhabited by dinosaurs
B) contrary to the popular view, this continent had always been a vast wilderness
C) until this discovery, nothing was known about the early climate of this continent
D) presumably, they will provide clues for future geological changes in this continent
E) up to this point, no one knew for sure that dinosaurs could weigh two tons

The origins of biography are to be found in early legendary accounts of the Greek, Germanic and Celtic heroes. Another early type of biography is the records of the teachings and deeds of wise men. The accounts of the life and teaching of Socrates given by Plato and Xenophon may be regarded as a development of this kind of record. The interest of the Socratic dialogues of Plato is philosophic rather than biographical, but the Memorabilia of Xenophon, though not a biography in the modern sense of the word, comprises a series of sketches of the great philosopher with intimacy and vividness. The first European author, remembered primarily as a biographer, is Plutarch, a Greek philosopher who lived under the Roman Empire. His Parallel Lives on ancient Greek and Roman statesmen and soldiers is one of the most fascinating works of antiquity and influential in the European biographical tradition. Moreover, he seems to have been the first author to distinguish sharply between biography and history.



1. It is pointed out in the passage that the first true example of biography in the modern sense is to be found in ....... .
A) the stories of Greek and other heroes
B) Xenophon's Memorabilia
C) ancient legends
D) Plato's dialogues
E) Plutarch's Parallel Lives




2. According to the passage, Plato's account of Socrates, unlike the one given by Xenophon, ....... .
A) is very critical of the great philosopher
B) puts the emphasis on the philosophy of Socrates
C) is full of fascinating details about the life of Socrates
D) was the model for Plutarch when he wrote his Parallel Lives
E) is commonly regarded as the first important example of biographical writing




3. We understand from the passage that, in his Parallel Lives, Plutarch ......... .
A) is primarily concerned with the portrayal of people themselves, but not the events of their times
B) concentrates on life and society in ancient Rome
C) gives priority to statesmen rather than to soldiers
D) includes his own philosophy of life in his accounts of the lives of others
E) compares the Greek and Roman attitudes towards politics and military affairs

artık hiç bir önemi yok inan..

1-21. Sorularda boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.

1. For the chemists of the 18th and 19th centuries, an understanding of the chemical nature of food was a major ____ .
A) objective
B) agreement
C) submission
D) significance
E) estimation

2. The green button on the far left of the machine ____ the volume.
A) interferes
B) discloses
C) regulates
D) allows
E) arises

3. You should have attended that lecture durability testing of fibres; it really wa most ____ .
A) irrelevant
B) stimulating
C) dull
D) reluctant
E) feasible

4. His forecast turned out to be ____ accurate considering how little information he had to work on.
A) lately
B) effortlessly
C) intentionally
D) surprisingly
E) heavily

5. The new engineer is highly knowledgeable, but can we ____ him to lead the team successfully?
A) run on
B) put on
C) make off
D) take up
E) rely on

6. Many of the lesser developed countries find it hard to ____ the more developed ones, due to the ***** advances in technology there.
A) make up for
B) keep up with
C) look out for
D) turn upon
E) run through

7. Many experiments ____ blood composition are carried out in this laboratory.
A) related to
B) led from
C) followed through
D) contained in
E) denied by

8. This is not a new theory; quite a lot of scientists ____ on it for several decades.
A) would have worked
B) had worked
C) have been working
D) would work
E) have to work

9. If the equipment ____ us on time, we ____ the bridge by now.
A) would have reached / could complete
B) reached / had completed
C) reaches / will have completed
D) will reach / can complete
E) had reached / could have completed

10. Unfortunately there was an electricity cut just as we ____ the new computer.
A) are installing
B) would install
C) have installed
D) were installing
E) will install
11. It is recommended that you wear a helmet in this part of the plant, but it's up to you; you ____ .
A) have got to
B) will have to
C) shouldn't have
D) need to
E) don't have to

12. ____ a piece of metal is denser than water, it sinks in water.
A) Because of
B) While
C) Since
D) Despite
E) Therefore

13. ____ he was aware of the dangers of this kind of research, he still continued with the project.
A) If
B) Even though
C) So that
D) Whereas
E) However

14. ____ the semester is over, Dr. Baines will supervise the sinking of the shaft as it seems likely that they'll strike oil.
A) In order that
B) As a result
C) If only
D) Once
E) In case

15. It took him several months to set ____ the experiment, but results are beginning to come ____ now.
A) up / in
B) off / over
C) in / up
D) over / out
E) back / through

16. Obviously, during the second World War, many scientists were involved ____ the development of new weapons.
A) by
B) in
C) at
D) through
E) about

17. An honorary degree will be conferred upon the physicist ____ contributions to energy studies have proved the most beneficial.
A) which
B) who
C) whose
D) that
E) whom

18. Is that the professor ____ received the Nobel Prize in chemistry?
A) whom
B) whose
C) where
D) which
E) who

19. Diary farming has received a lot of coverage in the media lately, ____ on account of the dry season ____ because of the radiation scare.
A) both / more than
B) more / even so
C) only / also
D) not only / but also
E) such / as well as

20. Thanks to improvements in car design, ____ of the power produced is wasted in friction ____ was formerly the case.
A) far less / than
B) as much / as
C) a little / than
D) little / than
E) more / as

21. As regards the decision to modernize the mines in the region, here is a report which contains ____ relevant information.
A) another
B) any
C) many
D) a
E) some

22-26 sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin Türkçe dengini bulunuz.

22. Robert Boyle, who was a leading English scientist in the seventeenth century, had a great influence on the development of science in Europe.
A) Ünlü ingiliz bilim adamı Robert Boyle, on yedinci yüzyılda Avrupa'da bilimsel araştırmaların başlamasına önemli katkıda bulunmuştur.
B) On yedinci yüzyılda önde gelen bir ingiliz bilim adamı olan Robert Boyle'un Avrupa'da bilimin gelişmesinde büyük bir etkisi olmuştur.
C) On yedinci yüzyıl ingiltere'sinin en ünlü bilim adamı olan Robert Boyle, Avrupa'daki bilimsel araştırmalar üzerinde çok etkili olmuştur.
D) Avrupa'daki bilimsel çalışmalara katkıları olan Robert Boyle, on yedinci yüzyılda ingiltere'de çok ünlü bir bilim adamıydı.
E) Avrupa'da bilimin gelişmesine katkıda bulunan on yedinci yüzyılın önde gelen ingiliz bilim adamlarından biri de Robert Boyle'du.

23. One reason why supercomputers can achieve such high speeds is that they can do several calculations simultaneously.
A) Süper bilgisayarların bu kadar yüksek hıza ulaşabilmelerinin bir nedeni, birkaç işlemi aynı anda yapabilmeleridir.
B) Süper bilgisayarların bu kadar çok işlemi kısa sürede yapmalarının bir nedeni, çok hızlı çalışmalarıdır.
C) Aynı anda birkaç işlem yapabilmeleri için süper bilgisayarın çok yüksek bir hızla çalışmaları sağlanmıştır.
D) Süper bilgisayarların çok tercih edilmesinin bir nedeni, çok farklı işlemleri aynı anda yapma özelliğine sahip olmalarıdır.
E) Bu kadar yüksek bir hızla süper bilgisayar üretilmesinin nedenlerinden biri, aynı anda yapılabilen işlemlerin artmış olmasıdır.

24. Crop yields per acre are declining in some parts of the world because of air pollution as well as the build-up of salt and other chemicals.
A) Hava kirliliği sonucu dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde tuz va kimyasal madde oranının artması, ekinde dönüm başına verimi azaltıyor.
B) Dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde ekinlerde görülen bozulmanın yanı sıra tuz ve kimyasal madde birikimi de hava kirliliğine bağlanıyor.
C) Dünyanın bazı bölgelerindeki hava kirliliği, ekin çeşitlerinde azalma yanında, tuz ve kimyasal madde birikimine yol açıyor.
D) Dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde verimli tarım alanlarının azalmasının nedeni, havadaki kirlenmeyle birlikte tuz ve kimyasal madde oranının artmasıdır.
E) Hava kirliliğinin yanı sıra, tuz ve diğer kimyasal maddelerin birikimi yüzünden, dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde dönüm başına ürün verimi düşüyor.

25. Plutonium is also produced in all nuclear reactors fuelled by uranium, including those built for generating electric power.
A) Yakıt olarak uranyum kullanılan nükleer reaktörlerde elektrik enerjisinin yanı sıra plütonyum da üretilir.
B) Elektrik enerjisi üretmek için kurulan reaktörler arasında yakıt olarak uranyum kullanılanlarda plütonyum üretimi de yapılır.
C) Elektrik enerjisi üretmek amacıyla kurulanlar da dahil, plütonyum üreten tüm nükleer reaktörlerde yakıt olarak uranyum da kullanılır.
D) Elektrik enerjisi elde etmek amacıyla kurulmuş olanlar da dahil, yakıt olarak uranyum kullanılan tüm nükleer reaktörlerde plütonyum da üretilir.
E) Yakıt olarak uranyum kullanılanlar dahil, elektrik üretmek için kurulmuş nükleer reaktörlerde plütonyum da üretilir.

26. The geometry of the straight line and the circle goes back to the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians, but it was only with the ancient Greeks that geometry was developed as a logically organised field of study.
A) Doğru ve çember geometrisi eski Mısırlılara ve Babillilere kadar gider, fakat geometrinin mantıkla birlikte ele alınması eski Yunanlılarda olmuştur.
B) Eski Mısırlılar ve Babilliler zamanında başlayan doğru ve çember geometrisi, eski Yunanlılar tarafından geliştirilerek mantık gibi düzenli bir çalışma alanı haline gelmiştir.
C) Doğru ve çember geometrisi eski Mısırlılara ve Babillilere kadar uzanır, fakat geometrinin mantıksal biçimde düzenlenmiş bir çalışma lanı olarak gelişmesi ancak eski Yunanlılarla olmuştur.
D) Doğru ve çember geometrisi eski Mısırlılar ve Babilliler'den çok eski Yunanlılar tarafından mantıksal bir çalışma alanı olarak düzenlenmiştir.
E) Eski Mısırlılar ve Babilliler doğru ve çember geometrisinde oldukça geriydiler, ancak eski yunanlılar bunu mantıksal bir çalışma alanı olarak düzenlemiş ve geliştirmişlerdir.

27-31 sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin İngilizce dengini bulunuz.

27. Joseph Henry, tıpkı manyetik bir alanda bir çarkın dönmesinin elektrik üretebileceği gibi, elektriğin de bir çarkı döndürebileceğini gösterdi.
A) Joseph Henry discovered that, in the presence of a magnetic field, electricity can both be generated by turning wheels and cause wheels to turn.
B) Joseph Henry showed that, in the presence of a magnetic field, just as the turning a wheel can generate electricity, so electricity can turn a wheel.
C) Joseph Henry discovered that, in the presence of a magnetic field, electricity could both turn wheels and be generated by the turning of these wheels.
D) Joseph Henry proved that the electricity produced by a turning wheel in the presence of a magnetic field could be immediately used to turn the wheel.
E) Joseph Henry showed that, in the presence of a magnetic field, electricity is generated by turning a wheel and at the same time causes the wheel to turn.

28. İzafiyet kuramının ortaya koyduğu bir diğer önemli gerçek, kütlenin enerjiye dönüşebilmesidir.
A) The relativity theory is mainly concerned with the conversion of mass into energy.
B) More important is the fact that the relativity theory relates speed to energy.
C) According to the relativity theory, there is a close relationship between speed, mass and energy.
D) One other important fact demonstrated by the relativity theory is that mass can be converted into energy.
E) Until the discovery of the relativity theory, little was known about mass and energy.

29. Yerkürenin iç yapısı, depremlerin veya büyük patlamaların neden olduğu şok dalgalar kullanılarak araştırılabilir.
A) The internal structure of the earth can be investigated using shock waves caused by earthquakes or large explosions.
B) Shock waves which cause earthquakes and various massive explosions can be used to investigate the internal structure of the earth.
C) Our knowledge of the internal structure of the earth derives from the investigation of shock waves caused by earthquakes and explosions.
D) Earthquakes and large-scale explosions produce shock wave which, in turn, give us information concerning the internal structure of the earth.
E) The shock waves that accompany earthquakes and violent explosions increase the problems of examining the internal structure of the earth.

30. Uzun vadede, doğal afetlerin hiçbiri ülke için orman yangınları kadar zararlı değildir.
A) It is a long time since any natural disaster has caused so much harm as this forest fire.
B) In the future no natural disaster will prove as harmful as a forest fire.
C) From time to time forest fires are more harmful to the country than other natural disasters.
D) It took a long time for the country to recover from the harmful effects of forest fires and other natural disasters.
E) In the long run, none of the natural disasters are as harmful to a country as forest fires.

31. Galaksinin bir başka önemli özelliği de zayıf fakat son derece yaygın bir manyetik alana sahip olmasıdır.
A) The galaxy is also important because its wide magnetic field is very strong.
B) Another important feature of the galaxy is that it has a weak but enormously extensive magnetic field.
C) The other important fact about the galaxy is that its magnetic field is actually very weak.
D) Another special feature of the galaxy is the fact that its magnetic field is very weak.
E) Another important feature of the magnetic field of the galaxy is that, though weak, it is extremely extensive.

32-41 sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

32. If energy could be produced efficiently by clean methods, ____ .
A) oil prices were expected to rise again
B) the production of food had to be reduced
C) these would naturally be preferred
D) most governments would have invested in them
E) a lot of firms might have been expected to contribute generously

33. They consulted several geologists ____ .
A) why the coal miners are in Zonguldak
B) before they began constructing the dam
C) if they are employed by North Sea Oil
D) that new oil fields will have to be opened
E) unless the region turned out to be on earthquake zone

34. ____ , the annual rainfall has a profound influence on the success or failure of agriculture.
A) As has been emphasised in a relevant article
B) Given the fact that population growth in most countries has become one of the top issues
C) Whatever decision the government may have taken about food exports
D) Until all the data concerning the world climate are gathered and processed
E) Even though groundwater resources were fully exploited

35. Recently scientists have been working on substitutes for fossil fuels ____ .
A) though Japan had strongly objected to the results
B) whether they could have been used in the car industry
C) if the problems of environmental pollution had not prevented this
D) unless more money is poured into research on the subject
E) as the oil reserves in the world are diminishing rapidly

36. ____ , they still haven't chosen the team of engineers.
A) Since the bridge had already been planned
B) When they start work on the dam next week
C) Whoever made the designs for this block of flats
D) Although work on the project should have started last week
E) As soon as the new model becomes available

37. While the captain was working on that film about underwater life, ____ .
A) a whole new fascinating world has opened up for him
B) his team of divers are taken ill
C) he accidentally discovered the wreck of an old ship
D) he had been attacked by sharks
E) his boat will be in danger of drifting ashore

38. ____ even though it was obviously very limited in scope.
A) The experiment he has recently been engaged in has produced some interesting results
B) His paper aroused considerable interest
C) The research project will be assigned to a team of specialists
D) The hypothesis will finally be put to the test
E) His intention will, an all likelihood, be misunderstood

39. ____ that the sun had not illuminated the earth for more than one hundred million years.
A) Thomson's studies concentrated on the dissipation of energy
B) Thomson is just one of several physicists who were awarded the Nobel Prize
C) Thomson, through his experiments on heat and energy, showed conclusively
D) Thomson was to gain universal recognition as are of the greatest physicists of his time
E) One of Thomson's earlier research projects was concerned with the age of the earth

40. ____ which expands when heated.
A) A thermometer contains mercury
B) This is a characteristic of all metals
C) The atmosphere contains various gases
D) Parts of the floor remain unexplored
E) The hole in the ozone layer is becoming more and more dangerous

41. Since the buildings on the north side had been well-constructed ____ .
A) the landslide cannot be presented
B) the architect has received more than his share of praise
C) the town-council will be reluctant to give a licence
D) they were unaffected by the earthquake
E) the mayor of the city is absolutely opposed to the project

42-46 sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.

42. Most mysterious, perhaps, of all
substances in the sea is iodine. In sea water it is one of the least common of the non-metals, difficult to detect and resisting exact analysis. ____ . Sponges, corals and certain seaweeds, in particular, accumulate vast quantities of it.
A) The ocean is the earth's greatest storehouse of minerals.
B) In the human body, iodine functions as a regulator of the basal metabolism.
C) Yet it is found in almost every marine plant and animal.
D) The plants and animals of the sea are very much better chemists than men.
E) Iodine deficiency in the body causes certain metabolic disorders.

43. Bridges are among the most important, and often the most spectacular, of all
civil engineering works.____. Without
them it would be impossible to imagine how traffic in Istanbul could circulate. Moreover, they are the symbolic link of two continents.
A) A further aspect of civil engineering is the suitable choice of a suitable site
B) The bridges across the Bosphorus are a case in point
C) One of the major problems posed by long bridges is that of maintenance
D) The construction of bridges requires a number of engineering skills
E) Historically there has always been a dream to construct a bridge across Bosphorus

44. When scientists are trying to understand a particular set of phenomena, hey often make use of a model: A model, in the scientist's sense, is a kind of analogy or mental image of the phenomena in terms of something
we are familiar with.____. We cannot
see waves of light as we can see water waves; but it is valuable to think of light as if it were made up of waves because experiments indicate that light behaves in many respects as water waves do.

A) Other natural laws have been discovered over centuries
B) The atomic model of matter has gone through many refinements
C) Models often lead to important theories
D) One example is the wave model of light
E) This is the obvious difference between a theory and a model.

45. Evaporation can be described as the process by which liquid is changed into
vapour by heat.____. The higher the
temperature, the quicker the process. Obviously, evaporation is a fundamental process in nature.
A) Desalination depends upon the process of evaporation
B) Whenever a liquid is exposed to heat, evaporation takes place
C) The average annual temperature in the arctic region is far below that in the Mediterranean.
D) The human body can easily adapt to a humid climate.
E) Some plants are more affected by evaporation than others.

46. ____. He was one of the earliest to
argue that the interior of the earth was not solid but that it consisted of a condensed, though highly heated, fluid or gas. He also argued that on its exterior the earth had a relatively thin shell of matter.
A) The great achievements of Benjamin Franklin in natural science should not blind us to the fact that he was a great statesman.
B) When Benjamin Franklin was a young man, he moved from Boston to Philadelphia where he spent the rest of his life studying political science.
C) In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin made remarkable contributions to the field of electricity.
D) Benjamin Franklin played an important part in the early development of American political thought.
E) Benjamin Franklin had many original and penetrating ideas on geology.

47-51 sorularda, anlam bakımından hangi cümlenin parçaya uymadığını bulunuz.

47. (I) When rainfall occurs regularly, the moisture of surface soil is maintained in a constant condition. (II) In some countries irrigation can be costly. (Ill) This is made possible by the downward movement of water through the soil. (IV) However, during periods of drought the surface soil becomes very dry, its moisture having evaporated into the air. (V) On the whole this is not harmful since within two or three inches of the surface moist soil can still be found.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

48. (I) Biologists have made various studies of living organisms. (II) First of all, they have classified them on the basis of their structure. (III) They have divided them into two classes, the single-celled organisms and the many-celled organisms. (IV) In almost all plants and animals, the individual cells have different functions. (V) For instance, bacteria and algae are single-celled, while insects, fish and flowering plants are many-celled.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

49. (I) Cyclones are constantly recurring fact of life in Bangladesh. (II) But the one that hit the country on 29 April 1991 was the worst for a decade. (III) However, controlling the flow of water can reduce the risks of floods. (IV) Within hours, 130.000 people were dead and four million people were homeless. (V) Conditions were so bad that, only a week after the cyclone, many felt that the dead, not the living, were the fortunate ones.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

50. (I) It is common for a liquid to turn into a vapour when heated. (II) It is less common for a solid substance to turn directly into a vapour without ever going through a liquid stage. (III) The best known example of this latter process is solid carbondioxide, which has the appearance of cloudy ice. (IV) When this is heated, it doesn't turn into liquid but to gas. (V) Indeed, nuclear reactions involving certain substances are highly complex and unpredictable.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

51. (I) In the universe, hydrogen is
apparently the most abundant of all the elements. (II For instance, analysis of the light emitted by stars indicates that most stars are predominantly hydrogen. (III) Molecular hydrogen is the lightest of all gases. (IV) Similarly, of the sun's mass, approximately 90 % is hydrogen. (V) However, hydrogen is much less abundant on the earth.
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

2-56 sorularda, anlam bakımından hangi cümlenin parçaya uymadığını bulunuz.

52. Mary: What's in that bottle? Paul: Sulphuric acid. Mary: ____
Paul: Yes, I'm sorry. I'll do it straight away.
A) Don't you know that all dangerous substances have to be properly labelled?
B) Do you mind if I use some of it in my experiment?
C) Do you know where all the acids and other dangerous substances are kept?
D) Then what is it doing here?
E) You haven't been burned, have you?

53. Roger: Where will the new bridge be? Bill: Five miles downstream. Roger: ____
Bill: No, the rock formation isn't suitable there.
A) People living there won't be pleased, will they?
B) Have the engineers submitted their plans?
C) Couldn't they build it nearer here?
D) But the river is very wide there.
E) There's already a good road there.

54. David: I thought there was an abundance of aluminium in the earth's crust.
Peter: There is.
David: ____
Peter: Because most of it is not in a
form that can be removed and
processed at a profit.
A) Then what's special about bauxite?
B) Is it really necessary to import so much?
C) Where are the major deposits in France?
D) Then why is it short supply?
E) Are processing costs still going up?

55. Salome: What's the first item on the agenda?
Molly: Rubbish disposal and recycling of waste.
Salome: ____
Molly: I know it is. But no one takes it seriously. One day we'll have to, though!
A) It just can't be done under these circumstances.
B) But we discussed that last week
C) Then what follows?
D) Who's brought this subject up?
E) That's always on the agenda.

56. Farmer: What can I do to increase the harvest?
Expert: Well, there are a number of ways I can suggest. One is irrigation. Farmer: ____ Expert: Quite a lot, I'm afraid.
A) Yes, but how much expense will that entail?
B) You mean a modern irrigation method?
C) Are you trained in irrigation engineering?
D) Do you think there is plenty of underground water?
E) The rainfall in this region is adequate, isn't it?

57-59 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

We are warm-blooded animals. The temperature inside us is generally higher than the temperature outside us. It follows from this fact that, just as a kettle of hot water cools as it loses heat to the air around it, so the human body is continuously losing heat. But, unlike the kettle, it does not cool down, for all the time fresh quantities of heat are being generated inside. The body is both making heat and losing some of it at the same time. The loss of heat is controlled by a very delicate mechanism. The body resembles a thermostat heater in that while it gives off heat, it manages to remain at the same temperature.

57. In this passage, the body is likened to a thermostat because ____ .
A) the loss of heat would cause serious diseases
B) the temperature of the body is always equal to the outside temperature
C) the control of the body heat is unimportant
D) the temperature remains constant in spite of heat loss
E) the body heat is influenced by the outside temperature

58. It is pointed out in the passage that the body's loss of heat ____ .
A) means man is not warm-blooded
B) should be regarded as a danger signal
C) cannot be controlled easily
D) can only be affected by the environment
E) is compensated for by the generation of fresh heat

59. The passage describes the mechanism ____ .
A) which keeps the body at the same temperature
B) which prevents loss of heat in detail
C) concerned with the generation of surplus heat
D) which regulates the temperature of the water in a kettle
E) by which the temperature of the air remains stable

60-62 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya gore cevaplayınız.

Genetics is the study of mechanisms of the hereditary process. Modern genetics began with the experiments of Gregor Mendel in 1865. He studied the inheritance of different factors in peas, and found that some traits were "dominant" and some "recessive", the "dominant" appearing in a ratio of very nearly three to one. Mendels results were ignored for many years until their discovery at the beginning of the twentieth century.

60. According to the passage____.
A) the results of Mendel's experiments were immediately put into practise
B) the purpose of Mendel's experiments was primarily agricultural
C) genetics is essentially concerned with heredity
D) modern genetics owes very little to Mendel's experiments
E) the mechanisms of heredity were known prior to Mendel

61. Clearly, in the field of genetics,____.
A) certain traits have been given too much importance
B) the 20th century has contributed very little
C) Mendel's experiments have received and used attention
D) Mendel is the pioneer
E) new dominant and recessive traits are constantly being discovered

62. Mendel discovered that____.
A) recessive traits exceeded the dominant ones
B) in peas, dominant traits appear in a ratio of three to one
C) in peas, nearly one-third of the traits were dominant
D) by 1865 the theory of heredity had been convincingly formulated
E) genetics was becoming a popular science

63-65 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Geologists are especially interested in the mineral content of rocks. All rocks consist of one or more minerals, many of which are needed as raw materials for industry or have properties which make them valuable or useful. Gold, for example, is valuable. Diamonds are both valuable and useful. Coal is also found in rocks, usually underground and it is vitally important as fuel in modern life. Britain is rich in coal because it was covered in dense forests more than 300 million years ago. Coal is formed from the remains of trees, and other plants which have gradually been compressed and hardened in the rock structure of the earth.

63. In all types of rocks____.
A) we can find the hardened remains of trees
B) a wide variety of mineral deposits is to be found
C) at least one type of mineral is to be found
D) one is likely to find fuel deposits
E) there are seemingly useless deposits

64. It is pointed out that coal____.
A) is usually found in thickly-forested regions
B) has lost its importance as a fuel
C) is one of Britain's major exports
D) takes millions of years to form
E) is the most indispensable material for industry

65. According to the passage, one of the major interests of geologists is to____.
A) determine the coal reserves in the earth
B) produce diamonds in coal deposits
C) explore mineral deposits in rocks
D) study the properties of valuable minerals
E) decide which raw materials are useful in industry

66-68 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

There are about forty distinct kinds of wild cats known to inhabit the earth today. They range in size from the mighty Siberian tiger to several little spotted species about the size of the average domestic cat. The cats are the most efficient land predators left on earth. They combine power, speed, patience, camouflage, and considerable individual skill. All swim well, most climb with great agility, and at least for short distances, most can move with amazing swiftness. The African lion can reach a speed of almost forty miles per hour when it charges.

66. It is stressed in the passage that wild cats in the world today____

A) show a remarkable range and variety
B) are completely confined to the African continent
C) are rapidly on the decline due to the environmental changes
D) are now only to be located in Siberia and the rest of Asia
E) seem to be losing the ability to climb trees

67. According to the passage, wild cats are noted for a number of distinct qualities
A) of which their great strength is the most important
B) which together make them physically superior to all other animals regardless of size
C) but their sense of smell is poor
D) of which their ability to hide from the enemy is of first importance
E) including the unmatchable efficiency in hunting

68. It is pointed out in the passage that the speed with which most wild cats can move____
A) compensates for their lack of efficient sight
B) has never been measured
C) is truly remarkable
D) doesn't exceed that of the average domestic cat
E) helps them to survive in a hostile environment

69-71 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya gore cevaplayınız.

Civil engineering offers a particular challenge because almost every structure of system that is designed and built by civil engineers is unique. One structure rarely duplicates another exactly. Even when structures seem to be identical, site requirements or other factors generally result in modifications. Large structures like dams, bridges, or tunnels may differ substantially from previous structures. The civil engineer must, therefore, always be ready and willing to meet new challenges.

69. It is argued in the passage that virtually no civil engineering work____
A) is substantially different from the other
B) can be completed without benefit of other branches of engineering
C) can be as complicated as the construction of a dam
D) is exactly the same as any another
E) is affected by site requirements

70. According to the passage , since every site will have different requirements
A) modifications of all types should be avoided
B) almost every bridge or dam will be different from every other
C) the work of a civil engineering is likely to be monotonous
D) site requirements are not important
E) this does not pose a challenge

71. One can understand from the passage that the civil engineer____
A) can rarely be persuaded to modify a design
B) always keeps to traditional designs
C) confines his interests to dams, bridges or tunnels
D) is less open to new ideas in construction than other engineers
E) is likely to have to modify the original design of a structure to suit the site

72-74 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

All our sources of power are "natural"; we have found that matter can be turned into energy and energy into matter, but that nothing can be created. We can convert one into the other with relative ease, but all our power is based upon the control of natural sources, in the sense that the energy or fuel is never man-made. It already exists as in the wind and in rivers; or it may be stored up as in oil or coal.

72. One important point emphasised in the passage is that____.
A) nature is the only source of energy
B) man-made energy is more economical
C) energy sources have been used wastefully in recent decades
D) the world's oil reserves ought to be used more carefully
E) coal production should be increased to bridge the energy gap

73. According to the passage, the conversion of matter into energy and vice versa____
A) will no longer be necessary as new energy sources are found
B) has been possible only in our century
C) is a fairly easy process
D) is possible only in the case of solid matter
E) depends to a great extent on new technologies

74. It is obvious from the passage that energy____
A) should be consumed more considerately
B) cannot be stored for long
C) can readily be created by man
D) is stored more abundantly in oil and coal than in wind and water
E) is derived from many different sources in nature

75-77 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

To astronomers, the great accomplishment of the flights to the moon was the bringing back of rocks from the lunar surface. It was the first extraterrestrial material ever to reach Earth, with the exception of meteorites. The lunar rocks seemed to show that the moon was virtually free of water and of organic material and was, therefore, a world utterly without life. In fact, this had been suspected by astronomers, since 1660s; but there had been some hope of traces of air and water that might have made possible very primitive life at the bacterial level, if nothing more.

75. As the author explains, the study of lunar rocks has confirmed that____
A) no life whatsoever exists on the moon
B) only a very primitive form of life could have existed on the moon
C) the moon is actually a large meteorite
D) some of them contain bacterial remains
E) the moon has traces of extraterrestrial life

76. According to the passage, it was once hoped that____
A) there was a large variety of rocks on the moon
B) the moon was capable of supporting primitive life
C) the amount of water on the moon was increasing
D) there were higher forms of life on the moon than the bacterial ones
E) the lunar surface was similar to that of the earth

77. It seems from the passage that, from the seventeenth century onwards,____
A) man has ceased to be interested in the moon
B) interest in the moon has been confined to the study of rocks
C) astronomers have had a reasonably correct understanding of the moon
D) the existence of life on the moon has been accepted as a fact
E) a large amount of extraterrestrial material, excluding meteorites, has reached the earth

78-80 soruları, aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Long after the discovery of electricity, man found that he could use the great power of water to produce it. At first, he used natural waterfalls. Later, man began to build dams to generate hydroelectric power. Dams are immense structures which hold back the water of a river and form a lake behind. The water is let through under control and allowed to fall through pipes to the turbines below. The rushing water drives the turbines, and as they revolve, they spin electro-magnets; these magnets generate electricity.

78. According to the passage, dams____
A) are primarily used to form lakes
B) can be used to prevent flooding
C) date back to very early times
D) were in use well before electricity was discovered
E) are important for the production of hydroelectric power

79. When electro-magnets are set in motion by turbines,____
A) electricity is generated
B) the water is allowed to fall through the pipes
C) the water has to be held back
D) the speed is immediately reduced
E) the water power becomes uncontrollable

80. According to the passage, electricity was discovered____
A) after observing the immense power of water in natural waterfalls
B) long before man learned to generate hydroelectric power
C) soon after the first dams were built
D) because of the need to create artificial light
E) as soon as he realised how much power there was in water